Rules of ZINmakers
June 17th, 2008 | by Andrei Yahorau |Exactly 12 years ago, in the year of flourishing movement «Charavatyh Karuzlikov», we actually «charavatyya karuzliki», fired a newspaper «Pravda-matka». Then we learned in grade 11th, and hormonal disballans uncontrollably bow us to see in the word «matka» an erotic subtext. The publication was pure banter, with some fun same criticism of the administration of the native school number 2 GP (not to be confused with GP) Mikashevichi. Nothing serious, of course, because «just for fun», but two numbers were issued. Nobody then knew not newfangled words ZIN, and we are focused on severe samples samizdat revolutionary underground early 20 th century: «Iskra» (spark).
Belarus is typically not interested in their past and believe that history began yesterday. But as you can, my other does not know the almanac «Monologue» and the claim to be any serious discussion on the topic of contemporary samizdat in Belarus?! Pity for us all the same …
Whatever was saturated ZIN life before, but since the late 1990’s in the history of Belarusian samizdat great changes are taking place. First, the closure of the political system led to the expulsion of illegal forms of the large number of publications, before having a chance to be quite normal.
Secondly, appeared in 1992, the Internet so mastered the masses in our country. Gradually, year by 1999-mu online publications have become visible players in the information field, comparable to the level of reach with traditional media. New information has changed the role of samizdat, and now all that does not fit the format of official publications, it is simply finds a way to web pages. Issue and to access any alternative information. The problem is no longer in its absence, and the desire to obtain and available competence of its extraction (ie, basic computer literacy).
The third is the growth of public sector and the flourishing of non-governmental organizations in the 1995-1999 biennium. has generated a lot of NGO’s books and periodicals published in the grants, different quality and different life.
All this has significantly expanded the borders samizdat and bring new forms (websites, blogs, virtual communities, etc.) by adding riveted on the knee «fighting sheets», gazetki and quite decent magazines. It seems to samizdat include almost everything, but this common interpretation is eroding the very notion. Now is not easy to define what is and what is not ZIN in the true sense of the word. For instance, it is difficult to attribute samizdat independent news portals (http://TUT.by/, http://charter97.org/, http://camarade.biz/ etc.) and electronic versions of newspapers and radio stations (http://belradio.fm/, http://svaboda.org/ etc.). And whether or not all publications (print or electronic) that have no official registration, illegally or in the «299 copies» of samizdat enroll? And if the issue is the registration, but went «secondary» print run of 299 copies?
Rather, the criterion of distinction (though obviously weak) may be a professional / non-professional nature of the publication, meaning not the quality or even whether its producers money for their work or not. Another criterion (not many, of course, better) can be podtsenzurny / uncensored nature.
Typically, most ZINov so well that reflects only the views of their authors, without unnecessary additions ideology of the State or the owner of the publication. The question, in general, intricate. One camp Alexei Krivolap have offered to renounce the use of the term «samizdat», replacing it with a more appropriate – «tactical media». Such media, which focused on the achievement of a very specific purpose, such as conservation nostalgically Soviet decoration shop «Fish» on the street. Karl Marx, which focuses on site http://rybasos.org/.
Clearly, some (and perhaps most) have appeared in Belarus ZIN is purely «tusovochny» character, represent any subculture or informal groups:
- political-oriented (Anarchic, green, opposition) (i);
- cultural-oriented (music, cinema and others) (ii)). To a lesser extent, before publication, with some big goals, such as the presentation and dissemination of ideas in the broader context or other external goal. Most of these «tseleratsionalnyh» ZINov is political or okolopolitichesky, although found quite a lot of intelligent (iii),
- «Kulturtraeger» (german) (iv)
- educational (v) publications.
Heavy life of «ZIN». Problems exist in irregular forms, find new sponsors, the lack of a low content of discussions, technical training and the dissemination of samizdat. While more important issues of content and purpose of publication, meaning and the appointment of samizdat in modern Belarus once more went to the side. Apparently feeling that something is wrong in the Danish kingdom, and modern samizdat, as a phenomenon is not a burden, who served in the harsh years of totalitarian Soviet system. Then samizdat was able to replicate the banned, limited literature, providing both necessary in sovke «breath of freedom». Dissident texts through samizdat income by the reader, spreading from hand to hand. Today, the situation in Belarus is close to the dissident, but the importance of samizdat changed, whether he needs a modern dissidents?
(i) History of Belarusian anarchist ZIN 90th provided in the article by P. Konovalchik: see http://anarchistory.boom.ru, examples of some modern anarchist ZINov see the forum anarchist site: http://anarhia.org/forum / newreply.php? s = 2ecda434370c7e58c0caf5e1e4a939ba & do = newreply & noquote = 1 & p = 12476
(ii) Examples of this kind ZIN can be found in a collection site http://www.diy-zine.com. It is also the author attempts to zadat some classification and review ZIN’s publications.
Publishing activity differed Mogilevsky «Center of live rock»: see http://podshumok.narod.ru/samizdat/index.html etc.
Fenziny represented on the site muz.gazety: http://www.nestor.minsk.by/mg/articles/1999/51/1300.html
(iii) Journals «Palitycal sphere» (http://palityka.org/), «New Эўропа», «Druvis», previously released «Gramadzyanskaya alternatyva», «Adkrytae Society», etc.
(iv) «Pamizh», «Teksty», «pARTisan», «monologue», previously released «Zyamlya N»
(v) For example, the magazine «Adukatar», issued by the Association of civic education. This category may include some training student newspaper students Belaruskaga Калегіюму “Анціпод, Antsinod” Tekst “,” Squirrel “,” Kamety and others – see http://baj.by/belkalehium/projects.htm